Species authority page

Ruddy duck

Oxyura jamaicensis · Ducks · Waterfowl · Migratory game birds

Ruddy duck (Oxyura jamaicensis): Stiff spiky tail often cocked upward. Male: dark cap and white cheeks; ruddy body and bright blue bill in breeding season. This profile does not establish whether taking it is legal anywhere.

Certified rules currently represented in Hunt: coverage in development. This is coverage, not a legal answer.

Male ruddy duck in non-breeding plumage swimming
Photo by anish lakkapragada on Unsplash
Scientific name
Oxyura jamaicensis
Family
Anatidae
Range
Breeds mainly on the northern prairies, from central British Columbia, southwestern Mackenzie and the Prairie Provinces east across southern Canada to Nova Scotia and south to California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas; northern breeders winter south to Central America.
Biology

How to identify it

Stiff spiky tail often cocked upward. [1][2]

Male: dark cap and white cheeks; ruddy body and bright blue bill in breeding season. [1][2]

Female: pale cheeks crossed by a smeary dark line. [1][2]

Wings solid dark in flight. [1][2]

Species it is confused with

Check these before deciding what you are looking at. If you are not certain what it is, do not shoot.

Field notes

  • Identification Do not identify Ruddy duck from colour alone. Compare structure, size, range and the listed similar species before making a field decision.[1][2]
Field knowledge

Where it lives

Breeds on fresh or alkaline lakes and ponds with marshy borders and open water; winters on sheltered shallow coastal bays and ice-free inland lakes. [1][2]

Field knowledge

How it behaves

Patters across the water to take off and seems reluctant to fly; almost helpless on land [1][2]

Dives and strains food from bottom mud; insects and larvae are main summer foods [1][2]

Usually silent; courting males make ticking and clapping sounds [1][2]

Migrates mostly at night in small flocks [1][2]

Regulatory handoff

Where it is listed for legal take

These authorities list this species for legal take in their own regulations.

Where legal take is listed

Being listed is not an open season. Seasons, zones, licences, methods and limits decide whether this animal may be taken on a given day and place — check Hunt or the authority before you go. Listings read 2026-09-30.

Geospatial intelligence

Where it is found

Breeds mainly on the northern prairies, from central British Columbia, southwestern Mackenzie and the Prairie Provinces east across southern Canada to Nova Scotia and south to California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas; northern breeders winter south to Central America.

Biology

Sources

Every claim above is attributed to one of these published sources.

  1. National Audubon Society · reviewed 2026-09-30

    National Audubon Society

  2. NatureServe · reviewed 2026-09-30

    NatureServe