How to identify it
Slender snake 36-72 in (90-183 cm) with smooth scales in 15 rows at midbody and a divided anal plate. [1][2]
Where it lives
Shrublands, arid grassland, sagebrush flats, canyons, pinyon-juniper and pine-oak woodland, and rocky stream courses; often near ponds and rivers. [1][2]
How it behaves
Fast, alert and diurnal; flees to rocks, rodent burrows or shrubs, but cornered individuals often stand their ground and strike. [1][2]
Limited legal take
Legal take of this species exists only under narrow conditions — a quota, a draw, a permit, a small area, or animals released or held on private land — set by the authorities below. Nowhere else is a legal opportunity implied, and Hunt shows one only where a certified rule establishes it.
Where legal take is listed
- California — reptile take · 2026 California Freshwater Sport Fishing Regulations (updated July 10, 2026), 14 CCR 5.05/5.60
- Nevada — reptile take · CR 24-15 2025 & 2026 Seasons & Limits for Noncommercial Collection of Live, Unprotected Reptiles & Amphibians
- Utah — reptile take · Reptile and amphibian species classification tables (R657-53), updated Apr. 22, 2026
Being listed is not an open season. Seasons, zones, licences, methods and limits decide whether this animal may be taken on a given day and place — check Hunt or the authority before you go. Listings read 2026-09-30.
Where it is found
Southeastern Washington and southern Idaho south through Oregon, eastern California, Nevada, Utah, western Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico and western and central Texas into northern Mexico; up to about 3,077 m.
Sources
Every claim above is attributed to one of these published sources.
NatureServe · reviewed 2026-09-30
NatureServe
University of Michigan Museum of Zoology · reviewed 2026-09-30
University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
