Species authority page

Black scoter

Melanitta americana · Sea ducks · Ducks · Waterfowl · Migratory game birds

Black scoter (Melanitta americana): Adult drake is entirely black except for an orange knob on the bill. Hens and young drakes are dark with a contrasting pale face and foreneck. This profile does not establish whether taking it is legal anywhere.

Certified rules currently represented in Hunt: coverage in development. This is coverage, not a legal answer.

Female black scoter swimming
Adobe Stock · Standard License (asset 492665680)
Scientific name
Melanitta americana
Family
Anatidae
Range
Breeds in Alaska and northern Canada; winters along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts and occurs on the Great Lakes in migration.
Biology

How to identify it

Adult drake is entirely black except for an orange knob on the bill. [1]

Hens and young drakes are dark with a contrasting pale face and foreneck. [1]

Crow-sized sea duck; floats buoyantly with the tail often cocked up. [1]

Compared with the ruddy duck: A winter drake ruddy duck is smaller and paler with a relatively larger bill. [1]

Species it is confused with

Check these before deciding what you are looking at. If you are not certain what it is, do not shoot.

Field notes

  • Identification Do not identify Black scoter from colour alone. Compare structure, size, range and the listed similar species before making a field decision.[1]
Field knowledge

Where it lives

Breeds on coastal and wet tundra and tundra openings in northern forest. Winters on bays and exposed coasts over shallow water, mostly within a mile of shore; uses the Great Lakes in migration. [1]

Field knowledge

How it behaves

More vocal than other scoters; in spring gives a musical whistled cour-loo. [1]

Dives for mussels and other bivalves, crustaceans and marine worms at sea; eats aquatic insects, fish eggs and plants on summer fresh water. [1]

Migrates early in spring and late in fall; coastal flocks fly low offshore. [1]

Regulatory handoff

Where it is listed for legal take

These authorities list this species for legal take in their own regulations.

Where legal take is listed

Being listed is not an open season. Seasons, zones, licences, methods and limits decide whether this animal may be taken on a given day and place — check Hunt or the authority before you go. Listings read 2026-09-30.

Geospatial intelligence

Where it is found

Breeds in Alaska and northern Canada; winters along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts and occurs on the Great Lakes in migration.

Biology

Sources

Every claim above is attributed to one of these published sources.

  1. National Audubon Society · reviewed 2026-09-30

    National Audubon Society